Autonomy and Motivation: A Literature Review
"The effect of tests, grades and feedback devices generally appears to depend on how they are
perceived by individual learners. Some learners (probably those who are primarily focused on
learning and learning objectives) are able to perceive grades and feedback as informational
events, that is, these learners do not perceive them as threatening their self-determination and regard them as providing useful information for further decision making. Others (probably those who are focused on demonstrating achievements--valuing high grades for the status rather than as an indication of the learning achieved) perceive tests and grades as controlling, shifting the locus of control to the teacher and reducing the learners' self-determination."
Dickinson, L. (1995). Autonomy and motivation a literature review. System,23(2), 165-174.
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